Definition
Localised areas of thickened fibrous tissue on the pleura (the membrane lining the lungs and chest wall), caused by inhalation of asbestos fibres. Pleural plaques are the most common sign of past asbestos exposure and typically appear 10-30 years after initial exposure. While generally asymptomatic and considered benign in themselves, they are an important biomarker confirming asbestos exposure. Their presence may indicate a higher risk of developing other asbestos-related conditions such as mesothelioma or asbestosis.
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Mesothelioma
A rare and aggressive cancer affecting the mesothelium (protective lining of lungs, abdomen, or heart), primarily caused by asbestos exposure. The disease typically develops 20-50 years after exposure, making early detection difficult. Pleural mesothelioma (affecting the lung lining) is the most common form. There is no cure, and prognosis is generally poor, though treatments can extend survival and improve quality of life.
Asbestosis
A chronic lung disease caused by prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers, resulting in scarring (fibrosis) of lung tissue. Symptoms include shortness of breath, persistent dry cough, chest tightness, and reduced lung capacity. Asbestosis typically develops after heavy occupational exposure over many years. While there is no cure, progression can be slowed by avoiding further exposure and managing symptoms.
Asbestos Fibers
Microscopic, thin, elongated particles that make up asbestos minerals. These fibers are typically less than 3 micrometers in diameter and can remain airborne for extended periods. When inhaled, they can penetrate deep into the lungs and remain there for years, potentially causing asbestos-related diseases. Fiber counting and identification is essential for exposure assessment and clearance testing.