Definition
A chronic lung disease caused by prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers, resulting in scarring (fibrosis) of lung tissue. Symptoms include shortness of breath, persistent dry cough, chest tightness, and reduced lung capacity. Asbestosis typically develops after heavy occupational exposure over many years. While there is no cure, progression can be slowed by avoiding further exposure and managing symptoms.
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Asbestos
A group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals composed of thin, needle-like fibers. Asbestos was widely used in construction and manufacturing due to its heat resistance, strength, and insulating properties. When disturbed, asbestos releases microscopic fibers that can be inhaled, causing serious health problems including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. All types of asbestos are now recognized as carcinogenic.
Mesothelioma
A rare and aggressive cancer affecting the mesothelium (protective lining of lungs, abdomen, or heart), primarily caused by asbestos exposure. The disease typically develops 20-50 years after exposure, making early detection difficult. Pleural mesothelioma (affecting the lung lining) is the most common form. There is no cure, and prognosis is generally poor, though treatments can extend survival and improve quality of life.
Asbestos Fibers
Microscopic, thin, elongated particles that make up asbestos minerals. These fibers are typically less than 3 micrometers in diameter and can remain airborne for extended periods. When inhaled, they can penetrate deep into the lungs and remain there for years, potentially causing asbestos-related diseases. Fiber counting and identification is essential for exposure assessment and clearance testing.